|
|
|
| Mechanical and dielectric behaviors of perovskite (Ba,Sr)TiO3 borosilicate glass ceramics |
| Avadhesh Kumar YADAVa*,C. R. GAUTAMa,Abhinay MISHRAb |
aDepartment of Physics University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India bSchool of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Perovskite (Ba,Sr)TiO3 glass ceramics were crystallized in the presence of La2O3 for glass ceramic system [(Ba1-xSrx)TiO3]–[2SiO2–B2O3]–[K2O]–[La2O3] (x = 0.0 and 0.4). The formation of major crystalline phase of BaTiO3 along with secondary phase of Ba2TiSi2O8 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Major crystalline phase was clearly seen in the micrographs of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 borosilicate glass ceramic samples. The prepared glass ceramic samples showed very high values of toughness and elastic modulus. Barium strontium titanate (BST) glass ceramics are used in barrier layer capacitors for storage of high energy due to their very high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss.
|
|
Received: 18 February 2014
Published: 12 June 2015
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
Avadhesh Kumar YADAV
|
|
|
|
| Glass ceramic sample code | Density (g/cm3) | Crystallite size (nm) | Breaking strength (MPa) | Elastic modulus (GPa) | Strain | Toughness (MJ/m3) | | Green pellets | Sintered pellets | LDS | LWH | | BT5K1L0.0T850 | 3.07 | 3.36 | 46.34 | 54.03 | 1757.85 | 3.041±0.001 | 2.39×10-3 | 1131 | | BT5K1L0.0S850 | 3.07 | 3.38 | 44.43 | 50.56 | 12204.15 | 5.664±0.012 | 2.64×10-3 | 1614 | | BST5K1L0.4T850 | 2.95 | 3.13 | 35.62 | 42.89 | 14849.44 | 5.587±0.001 | 2.00×10-3 | 13142 | | BST5K1L0.4S850 | 2.95 | 3.22 | 27.99 | 40.95 | 11294.49 | 7.070±0.001 | 2.80×10-3 | 11824 |
|
|
Sample code, density, crystallite size, breaking strength, elastic modulus, strain and toughness of glass ceramic samples
|
|
|
XRD pattern of glass ceramic sample BT5K1L0.0T850.
|
|
|
XRD pattern of glass ceramic sample BT5K1L0.0S850.
|
|
|
XRD pattern of glass ceramic sample BST5K1L0.4T850.
|
|
|
XRD pattern of glass ceramic sample BST5K1L0.4S850.
|
|
|
WH plot of glass ceramic sample BT5K1L0.0T850.
|
|
|
WH plot of glass ceramic sample BT5K1L0.0S850.
|
|
|
WH plot of glass ceramic sample BST5K1L0.4T850.
|
|
|
WH plot of glass ceramic sample BST5K1L0.4S850.
|
|
|
SEM micrograph of glass ceramic sample BT5K1L0.0T850.
|
|
|
SEM micrograph of glass ceramic sample BT5K1L0.0S850.
|
|
|
SEM micrograph of glass ceramic sample BST5K1L0.4T850.
|
|
|
SEM micrograph of glass ceramic sample BST5K1L0.4S850.
|
|
|
Variations of compressive strain vs. compressive stress: (a) BT5K1L0.0T850 and (b) BT5K1L0.0S850.
|
|
|
Variations of compressive strain vs. compressive stress: (a) BST5K1L0.4T850 and (b) BST5K1L0.4S850.
|
εr and (b) dissipation factor tanδ with temperature at different frequencies for glass ceramic sample BT5K1L0.0T850.">
|
|
Variations of (a) dielectric constant εr and (b) dissipation factor tanδ with temperature at different frequencies for glass ceramic sample BT5K1L0.0T850.
|
εr and (b) dissipation factor tanδ with temperature at different frequencies for glass ceramic sample BST5K1L0.4T850.">
|
|
Variations of (a) dielectric constant εr and (b) dissipation factor tanδ with temperature at different frequencies for glass ceramic sample BST5K1L0.4T850.
|
| Glass ceramic sample code | Curie temperature TC (℃) | Room temperature dielectric parameters at 20 Hz | Value of maximum dielectric constant εr | | εr | tanδ | 20 Hz | 100 Hz | 1 kHz | 10 kHz | 100 kHz | | BT5K1L0.0T850 | 125 | 3448 | 0.01 | 31497 | 20712 | 9897 | 8366 | 10420 | | BT5K1L0.0S850 | 120 | 3370 | 0.01 | 49612 | 29956 | 14707 | 8142 | 6267 | | BST5K1L0.4T850 | 110 | 15695 | 0.01 | 32349 | 30032 | 21441 | 15195 | 12276 | | BST5K1L0.4S850 | 100 | 20758 | 0.01 | 39532 | 32310 | 22177 | 18365 | 23447 |
|
|
Dielectric characteristics of glass ceramic samples BT5K1L0.0T850, BT5K1L0.0S850, BST5K1L0.4T850 and BST5K1L0.4S850
|
εr and (b) dissipation factor tanδ with temperature at different frequencies for glass ceramic sample BT5K1L0.0S850.">
|
|
Variations of (a) dielectric constant εr and (b) dissipation factor tanδ with temperature at different frequencies for glass ceramic sample BT5K1L0.0S850.
|
εr and (b) dissipation factor tanδ with temperature at different frequencies for glass ceramic sample BST5K1L0.4S850.">
|
|
Variations of (a) dielectric constant εr and (b) dissipation factor tanδ with temperature at different frequencies for glass ceramic sample BST5K1L0.4S850.
|
| [1] | Beall GH, Pinckney LR. Nanophase glass-ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 1999, 82: 5–16. | | [2] | Thakur OP, Kumar D, Parkash O, et al. Electrical characterization of strontium titanate borosilicate glass ceramics system with bismuth oxide addition using impedance spectroscopy. Mater Chem Phys 2003, 78: 751–759. | | [3] | Henry J, Hill RG. The influence of lithia content on the properties of fluorphlogopite glass-ceramics. II. Microstructure hardness and machinability. J Non-Cryst Solids 2003, 319: 13–30. | | [4] | Schneider SJ. Engineered Materials Handbook Volume 4: Ceramics and Glasses. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International, 1991. | | [5] | Gomaa MM, Abo-Mosallam HA, Darwish H. Electrical and mechanical properties of alkali barium titanium alumino borosilicate glass-ceramics containing strontium or magnesium. J Mater Sci: Mater El 2009, 20: 507–516. | | [6] | Haung Q, Gao L, Sun J. Effect of adding carbon nanotubes on microstructure, phase transformation, and mechanical property of BaTiO3 ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 2005, 88: 3515–3318. | | [7] | Jana F, Shirane J. Ferroelecrtrics Crystals. Oxford: Peragamon Press, 1962. | | [8] | Divya PV, Kumar V. Crystallization studies and properties of (Ba1-xSrx)TiO3 in borosilicate glass. J Am Ceram Soc 2007, 90: 472–476. | | [9] | Divya PV, Vignesh G, Kumar V. Crystallization studies and dielectric properties of (Ba0.7Sr0.3)TiO3 in bariumaluminosilicate glass. J Phys D: Appl Phys 2007, 40: 7804–7810. | | [10] | Gorzkowski EP, Pan M-J, Bender B. Glass-ceramics of barium strontium titanate for high energy density capacitors. J Electroceram 2007, 18: 269–276. | | [11] | Gorzkowski EP, Pan M-J, Bender BA, et al. Effect of additives on the crystallization kinetics of barium strontium titanate glass–ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 2008, 91: 1065–1069. | | [12] | Zhang Q, Wang L, Luo J, et al. Improved energy storage density in barium strontium titanate by addition of BaO–SiO2–B2O3 glass. J Am Ceram Soc 2009, 92: 1871–1873. | | [13] | Isaka N, Ohkawa K, Kiyono H, et al. Effects of glass components on crystallization and dielectric properties of BST glass–ceramics. J Mater Sci: Mater El 2008, 19: 1233–1239. | | [14] | Rangarajan B, Jones B, Shrout T, et al. Barium/lead-rich high permittivity glass–ceramics for capacitor applications. J Am Ceram Soc 2007, 90: 784–788. | | [15] | Chen G, Zhang W, Liu X, et al. Preparation and properties of strontium barium niobate based glass-ceramics for energy storage capacitors. J Electroceram 2011, 27: 78–82. | | [16] | Song J, Chen G, Yuan C, et al. Effect of the Sr/Ba ratio on the microstructures and dielectric properties of SrO–BaO–Nb2O5–B2O3 glass–ceramics. Mater Lett 2014, 117: 7–9. | | [17] | Yadav AK, Gautam C, Singh P. Crystallization kinematics and dielectric behavior of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 borosilicate glass ceramics. New Journal of Glass and Ceramics 2012, 2: 126–131. | | [18] | Yadav AK, Gautam CR. A review on crystallisation behaviour of perovskite glass ceramics. Adv Appl Ceram 2014, 113: 193–207. | | [19] | Gautam CR, Yadav AK, Singh P. Synthesis, crystallisation and microstructural study of perovskite (Ba,Sr)TiO3 borosilicate glass ceramic doped with La2O3. Mater Res Innov 2013, 17: 148–153. | | [20] | Arend H, Kihlborg L. Phase composition of reduced and reoxidized barium titanate. J Am Ceram Soc 1969, 52: 63–65. | | [21] | Alfors JT, Stinson MC, Matthew RA, et al. Seven new barium minerals from eastern Fresno County, California. Am Mineral 1965, 50: 314–340. | | [22] | Yadav AK, Gautam CR, Gautam A, et al. Structural and crystallization behavior of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 borosilicate glasses. Phase Transitions 2013, 86: 1000–1016. | | [23] | Joseph J, Vimala TM, Raja J, et al. Structural investigations on the (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ti)O3 system. J Phys D: Appl Phys 1999, 32: 1049–1054. | | [24] | Gautam C, Yadav AK, Mishra VK, et al. Synthesis, IR and Raman spectroscopic studies of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 borosilicate glasses with addition of La2O3. Open Journal of Inorganic Non-metallic Material 2012, 2: 47–54. | | [25] | Dupen B. Measuring Young's modulus with metal flatstock. The Technology Interface Journal 2007, available at . | | [26] | Ryu S-S, Kim H-T, Kim H-J, et al. Characterization of mechanical properties of BaTiO3 ceramic with different types of sintering aid by nanoindentation. J Ceram Soc Jpn 2009, 117: 811–814. | | [27] | Yadav AK. Synthesis, microstructure and dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate borosilicate glass ceramics. PhD Thesis. Lucknow, India: University of Lucknow, 2013: 294–312. | | [28] | Zhang Y, Ma T, Wang X, et al. Two dielectric relaxation mechanisms observed in lanthanum doped barium strontium titanate glass ceramics. J Appl Phys 2011, 109: 084115. | | [29] | Thakur OP, Kumar D, Parkash O, et al. Crystallization, microstructure development and dielectric behaviour of glass ceramics in the system [SrO·TiO2]–[2SiO2·B2O3]–La2O3. J Mater Sci 2002, 37: 2597–2606. |
|
| [1] |
S. SAMBASIVAM,D. PAUL JOSEPH,S. ASIRI NAIDU,K. N. HUI,K. S. HUI,B. C. CHOI. Intense violet–blue emission and paramagnetism of nanocrystallineGd3+ doped ZnO ceramics[J]. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2015, 4(4): 300-306. |
| [2] |
Mangesh LODHE,Narendra BABU,A. SELVAM,M. BALASUBRAMANIAN. Synthesis and characterization of high ceramic yield polycarbosilane precursor for SiC[J]. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2015, 4(4): 307-311. |
| [3] |
Poorva SHARMA,Ashwini KUMAR,Dinesh VARSHNEY. Rare earth (La) and metal ion (Pb) substitution induced structural and multiferroic properties of bismuth ferrite[J]. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2015, 4(4): 292-299. |
| [4] |
Yanchun ZHOU,Xinpo LU,Huimin XIANG,Zhihai FENG. Preparation, mechanical, and thermal properties of a promising thermal barrier material: Y4Al2O9[J]. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2015, 4(2): 94-102. |
| [5] |
A. N. MALLIKA,A. Ramachandra REDDY,K. Venugopal REDDY. Annealing effects on the structural and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles with PVA and CA as chelating agents[J]. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2015, 4(2): 123-129. |
| [6] |
Kumar PAUL Biplab,HALDAR Kumaresh,ROY Debasis,BAGCHI Biswajoy,BHATTACHARYA Alakananda,DAS Sukhen. Abrupt change of dielectric properties in mullite due to titanium and strontium incorporation by sol-gel method[J]. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2014, 3(4): 278-286. |
| [7] |
VARSHNEY Dinesh,YOGI Arvind. Structural, vibrational and magnetic properties of Ti substituted bulk hematite: α-Fe2-xTixO3[J]. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2014, 3(4): 269-277. |
| [8] |
Hemanth KUMAR Pattem,SRIVASTAVA Abhinav,KUMAR Vijay,JAISWAL Nandini,KUMAR Pradeep,Kumar SINGH Vinay. Role of MgF2 addition on high energy ball milled kalsilite: Implementation as dental porcelain with low temperature frit[J]. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2014, 3(4): 332-338. |
| [9] |
R. GAUTAM Chandkiram,MADHESHIYA Abhishek,MAZUMDER Ranabrata. Preparation, crystallization, microstructure and dielectric properties of lead bismuth titanate borosilicate glass ceramics[J]. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2014, 3(3): 194-206. |
|
|
|
|