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城市设计
唤起一座都城 ——伽拉堤卡的概念性体验
加布里埃尔·佩蒂瑙
Evoking a Capital: The Conceptual Experience of Galaktika
Gabriele Pettinau
摘要 本文探讨了建筑的建造行为与“神圣性”之间的本体关系,主张城市作为集体生命的承载场域,其设计必须体 现空间的“等级序列”与“场所精神”。作者批判了当代全球化城市中参照点与价值尺度的脱节,以及20世纪 规划都城(如巴西利亚、昌迪加尔)因“自我指涉”而导致的城市肌理断裂。通过对比都灵、伊斯法罕及圣彼 得堡等历史经验,文章阐释了清晰的“城市句法”如何通过装饰、气度与风格构建社会识别。基于对历史教训 的反思,同时提出了以“对结构的诚实”、高密度人本尺度及“公共交通导向开发(TOD)”为核心的规划新 准则。这些理念在西伯利亚设想都城“伽拉堤卡”中得到综合体现:该方案以对数螺旋线为骨架,通过椭圆形 的“黄金之城”母体中心区确立象征性参照系统,并辅以严明的管理条例以确保建造品质。本文旨在呼吁当代 建筑师重拾远见与责任,在功能主义的“无序残片”中重塑具有文化连续性的城市地标,使建筑重新回归其神 圣的文明使命。
关键词 城市等级序列场所精神奠基性城市伽拉堤卡对结构的诚实新都市主义    
Abstract:All architectural actions imply a sacrifice, making the creation of cities inseparable from the concept of sacredness. This discourse posits that because the life of citizens is sacred, the city—the framework of their life—must be similarly regarded. However, contemporary urbanism suffers from a disconnection between hierarchies and reference points, often resulting in an anonymous “international style” where “architectural superiority” is sacrificed for signage and “copy-paste” residential fabrics resembling “burial niches.” By contrasting the “self-referential” balsa-wood models of foundation capitals like Brasília with the refined hierarchies of Turin, Isfahan, and Saint Petersburg, the author proposes a “New Lexicon” for urban design. This framework emphasizes “tectonic honesty,” the rejection of merely quantitative competition (the “tallest” or “largest”), and the implementation of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). These principles are synthesized in “Galaktika,” a theoretical Siberian capital organized along a logarithmic spiral. Integrating a monumental “Golden City” with the “twenty-minute city” concept, Galaktika seeks to restore the Genius Loci through a clear demarcation between man’s space and nature. Ultimately, the article serves as a visionary manifesto for reclaiming the sacral value of architecture and the cultural identity of the territory.
Key wordsUrban hierarchy    Genius loci    Foundation capitals    Galaktika    Tectonic honesty    New urbanism
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