Abstract：With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the development of underground space has become a key measure
to break through the bottleneck of urban resources. However, the increasing complexity of its structure and function
resulting from integrated development has heightened the difficulty of spatial cognition for people navigating these
spaces, thereby affecting travel efficiency and comfort. Previous studies have mainly focused on the role of signage
systems. This study aims to quantify the relationship between environmental factors, signage systems, and wayfinding
behavior with objective data such as eye-tracking and behavioral trajectories. Taking Tianjin urban rail transit stations
as research objects, this study collected participants’ eye-movement and behavioral data through virtual reality (VR)
experiments for analysis. The results show that spatial morphology and architectural elements significantly affect the
perception stage of wayfinding, while the signage system plays a role in the evaluation stage. This study has established
a research framework for the comprehensive impact of signage and environment, providing a new perspective for the
study of wayfinding mechanisms in underground spaces.
