Planning Strategies and Practice of Public Welfare Service Facilities in Community Life Circle of Cold Cities: A Case Study of Harbin New Area
Abstract：With the formal implementation of “urban residential area planning and design standards” and “technical guidelines for community life circle planning”, China’s residential area planning has completed the fundamental paradigm transformation from “residential area mode” to “life circle mode”. Restricted by special climatic conditions such as long and cold winters and limited outdoor activities, cold cities have put forward differentiated requirements for the layout logic, functional configuration and walking accessibility of community public welfare service facilities far beyond those of southern cities. This paper takes the special planning of public welfare service facilities in residential areas of Harbin New District (Jiangbei Integrated Development Zone) as the core research carrier, systematically combs the development context and practical challenges of community life circle construction in Harbin New District, deeply analyzes the deep crux of the contradiction between supply and demand of public welfare service facilities in cold cities, puts forward the general planning principle of “convenient, perfect, practical, centralized and shared”, and constructs a two-level facility system of “15-minute street quality life circle + 5-minute community happiness life circle” adapted to the climate characteristics of cold regions. Through systematic measures such as innovating the government-enterprise collaborative construction model, formulating local differentiated construction standards, and improving the implementation and control mechanism of the whole life cycle, Harbin New District has effectively complemented the shortcomings of public service facilities and formed a community life circle construction paradigm with cold regional characteristics. The research results can provide theoretical support and practical reference for the community renewal and public service system optimization of similar cold cities in northern China.
